Analysis of Carl Flesch Scale System
See also:
Carl Flesch, Memoirs - free download from Universal Library
Carl Flesch: Scale Studies: Violin
| Viola
Handout: Violin/Viola, Piano - 3 octave scale fingerings
Free one- to three-octave Printable Violin and Viola Scales
John Krakenberger: Galamian Scale System - Methodology
Two Octave Major and Minor scales for violin, viola, cello and bass
See for analysis: G Major section (pdf)
#1-4: One octave shifting studies on one string, with the following format:
one-octave scale
one-octave arpeggios: i, I, vi6, IV6, iv6, #ii 4/2, I7
one-octave thirds
one-octave chromatic
#5: Three octave scales and arpeggios, with the following format:
three-octave scale
three-octave arpeggios: i, I, vi6, IV6, iv6, #ii 4/2, I7
three-octave thirds
three-octave chromatic
#6-10 are Double-stops:
#6: Thirds
thirds
chromatic thirds
#7: Sixths
sixths
thirds in sixths
chromatic sixths
#8: Octaves
octaves
octave arpeggios: i, I, vi6, IV6, iv6, #ii 4/2, I7
octave thirds
chromatic octaves
#9: Fingered octaves
fingered octaves
fingered octave arpeggios: i, I, vi6, IV6, iv6, #ii 4/2, I7
fingered octave thirds
chromatic fingered octave
#10: Tenths
#11: Artificial harmonics
two-octave scale
arpeggio: I
thirds
#12: Chords with artificial harmonics
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Galamian has a scale study method covering much the same material, but includes more contemporary harmonies, more diverse choice of fingerings, and a separate book with bowing options. Notes are only note heads, which is different than the Carl Flesch.
An even more contemporary scale and arpeggio study book with a jazz/rock influence is Mark Wood's Electrify Your Strings. This may be studied with an acoustic instrument and is well worth examining.
For fiddlers, I recommend the Mel Bay Fiddling Chord Book.
FINGER POSITIONS
- All the notes in the first position: http://members.tripod.com/~mrfiddle/allnotes.html
- Finger tapes for all the notes in first positions: http://members.tripod.com/~mrfiddle/scales.html
- Violin/Viola Fingerboard Charts
Taken from John's essay "Physiological Development for the Future Violinist" [See: Articles link, Krakenberger.org]:
During the 20 years I have been teaching I have found that the best way to face this problem [of improving coordination] is using a scheme proposed by Galamian in his book. Strangely enough I have met in several places with doubt about how this is to be implemented: People either did not get the idea right or it was just too difficult to do and was dismissed as being something reserved for the top-talents. It isn't easy, by no means, but with some insistence everybody can cope. And the result is surprisingly good. After mastering the scheme students are no longer blocked, and their security in tackling hard passages grows. It is for this reason only, that I spell it out again for everybody to understand:
The scheme is based on the Galamian's formula of playing three octave scales in order to get exactly 48 notes, 24 going up and 24 going down. (G major: Start g, b, a, g, a, b, c and so on and the same turn at the end). Evidently, 48 notes can be divided into 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 notes per bow, and you can also choose a rhythm formed by two eighth notes, four sixteenth notes and a sextuplet, totaling three quarter notes, i.e. 3/4 bars. You can then chose any pattern out of the following:
These rhythmic sequences of the scale can be played 1) in one bow each twelve notes, 2) each note separately (in which case the eighth notes should be a whole bow - a dotted stroke, please - and the rest at the frog with little bow hair) and 3) slurred by quarter values, i.e. three whole bows up and three down. Once you get that straight, you start on the "mind-boggling" exercise, as one of Galamian's students has called the experience. These 6 rhythms can be slurred according to the following table, one note alone, three notes slurred and eight notes slurred (total always the same twelve notes), and the variants, as shown below:
| | 1 | | 3 | | 8 | | Start (always down bow) at the frog | | |
| | 3 | | 1 | | 8 | | Start (always down bow) at the frog | | |
| | 1 | | 8 | | 3 | | Start (always down bow) at the point | | |
| | 3 | | 8 | | 1 | | Start (always down bow) at the point | | |
| | 8 | | 1 | | 3 | | Start (always down bow) at the frog | | |
| | 8 | | 3 | | 1 | | Start (always down bow) at the frog | | |
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It is evident that the left hand shall have to play the scales and rhythms automatically if it wants to achieve the bowing patterns with the right hand, where all our attention is concentrated. This is precisely what we want to learn: The ability to concentrate our whole attention on one aspect of our work, whereas the other matters go automatically. Once achieved, everything will be easier because our subsconsciousness has learned to function with what we already dominate, allowing us to concentrate consciously on those aspects that require our attention. The blocking, which I mentioned before, will disappear. Our liberty to express ourselves freely has grown because we have managed to discharge many other matters to a newly created capacity for automatism.
Of course there is a vast variety of methods to achieve the same end. But in my experience this system is one of the shortest ways to get the job done. I wish those who will try it the best of luck. They will not be sorry. As everything in life, nothing is given away. The exercise is not easy, but certainly not insuperable. Start with easy scales, and then gradually go to the more difficult ones.
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